Yesterday, we presented two ways to understand the focus of Modeh Ani that we say in the morning. According to the Shelah Hakadosh it is our way of saying thank you to Hashem for returning our neshama in the morning. According to the Ba’al Hatanya however, it is in order to instill an awareness of Hashem’s presence in our hearts and behave accordingly.
This provided us with a nice understanding as to "what" Modeh Ani is, but we still need to answer the question of "Why" - Why do we thank Hashem for the return of the neshama in the morning (according to the She'lah) and why do we immediately recognize Hashem's presence when first open our eyes (according to the Ba'al HaTanya)??
I've heard many times from Rav Soloveitchick's students (and also read myself) that the Rav believed very strongly that all legitimate minhagim have their roots in a documented halachic precedent. There is no such thing as a minhag that comes out of thin air. It must be rooted in a "kiyum" - a fulfillment of an existing halacha. So what is the halachic precedent for saying Modeh Ani?
This was actually bothering me since the last post and after a little more research, I would like to propose the following.
The Gemara and Poskim discuss other Halachot that are relevant first thing in the morning. In fact, the Rama opens his comments in Shulchan Aruch by presenting passuk "shiviti Hashem l'negdi tamid" - I always place Hashem before me. From the moment a person wakes up a person should feel and recognize Hashem's presence.
The Rama himself in his opening words to Darkei Moshe (his commentary to the Tur) explains further that this is based on the Rambam in Moreh Nevichim (3:52) who writes that the fulfillment of "shiviti Hashem l'negdi tamid" begins immediately when one wakes up in the morning by reminding one's self that Hashem's presence permeates the whole world. This will help the person get up quickly and keep this perspective the whole day.
This clearly appears to be the halachic precedent for Modeh Ani according to the Ba'al HaTanya. The minhag to say Modeh Ani was started as a way to effectively facilitate the fulfillment of "shiviti Hashem l'negdi tamid".
The She'lah HaKadosh on the other hand, might be pointing to something else entirely.
There is another bracha that we say in the morning that sounds very similar to Modeh Ani - namely the bracha of "Elokai Neshama". In Elokai Neshama we also acknowledge that Hashem is in control of the neshama and manages its whereabouts.
The interesting thing about Elokai Neshama is that it is a bracha that ends with a "Baruch" but does not start with one. The rishonim pick up on this and debate the reason why this is so.
Some rishonim (like Tosafot in Brachot) understand that Elokai Neshama is a "Birkat Hoda'ah" - a bracha to thank Hashem for something, and we find other instances where brachot such as these do not require a "baruch" at the beginning. Other rishonim (like the Tur, the Rosh) hold that this bracha doesn't begin with Baruch because it is a bracha ha'smucha l'chaverta - it is meant to be combined with the recitation of Asher Yatzar, thus making the first Baruch of Elokai Neshama unnecesarry.
Finally (and most relevant to our discussion), there is the opinion of the Ra'avad an the Meiri who agree that Elokai Neshama is a bracha ha'smucha l'chaverta, but they feel that is is actually to be combined with the bracha of Hamapil - the last bracha one should recite before falling asleep! Even though one has slept several hours in between, the bracha of Elokai Neshama is actually a direct continuation of Hamapil and therefore does not require its own Baruch at the beginning.
We see from the Ra'avad that ideally, Elokai Neshama should be said immediately upon waking up in the morning. The only problem is that it is very difficult to maintain so much time in between the two brachot without a hefsek (interruption). Therefore, the bracha of Elokai Neshama was moved to be connected to the bracha of Asher Yatzar instead.
I saw quoted in the name of Sefer "Mas'at Kapi" (by R' Dovid Kahn) that this opinion of the Ra'avad may be the basis for the minhag to recite Modeh Ani. Since we no longer say the actual bracha of Elokai Neshama in the ideal time (i.e. immediately upon awakening), a custom started to recite Modeh Ani which closely resembles the theme of Elokai Neshama without actually being a bracha.
I believe that this explanation explains the opinion of the Shelah Hakadosh very well. The Shelah Hakadosh explicitly says that the focus of modeh ani is acknowledging Hashem's kindness in returning our neshama. It would make sense then, that this is being done in place of the Elokai Neshama that should have been recited but was moved to later in the day for the reasons cited above.
In summary - perhaps we have found the halachic precedent we were searching for and the root of the disagreement between the Shelah and the Ba'al Hatanya. The Ba'al Hatanya holds that by reciting Modeh Ani we are fulfilling our requirement of "shiviti Hashem l'negdi tamid" as outlined by the Rama and the Rambam.
The Shelah HaKadosh on the other hand understands that Modeh Ani is meant as a non-bracha replacement for the bracha of Elokai Neshama that should have been recited immediately upon awakening (according to the Ra'avad), but cannot be recited for technical reasons of hefsek.
The interesting thing about Elokai Neshama is that it is a bracha that ends with a "Baruch" but does not start with one. The rishonim pick up on this and debate the reason why this is so.
Some rishonim (like Tosafot in Brachot) understand that Elokai Neshama is a "Birkat Hoda'ah" - a bracha to thank Hashem for something, and we find other instances where brachot such as these do not require a "baruch" at the beginning. Other rishonim (like the Tur, the Rosh) hold that this bracha doesn't begin with Baruch because it is a bracha ha'smucha l'chaverta - it is meant to be combined with the recitation of Asher Yatzar, thus making the first Baruch of Elokai Neshama unnecesarry.
Finally (and most relevant to our discussion), there is the opinion of the Ra'avad an the Meiri who agree that Elokai Neshama is a bracha ha'smucha l'chaverta, but they feel that is is actually to be combined with the bracha of Hamapil - the last bracha one should recite before falling asleep! Even though one has slept several hours in between, the bracha of Elokai Neshama is actually a direct continuation of Hamapil and therefore does not require its own Baruch at the beginning.
We see from the Ra'avad that ideally, Elokai Neshama should be said immediately upon waking up in the morning. The only problem is that it is very difficult to maintain so much time in between the two brachot without a hefsek (interruption). Therefore, the bracha of Elokai Neshama was moved to be connected to the bracha of Asher Yatzar instead.
I saw quoted in the name of Sefer "Mas'at Kapi" (by R' Dovid Kahn) that this opinion of the Ra'avad may be the basis for the minhag to recite Modeh Ani. Since we no longer say the actual bracha of Elokai Neshama in the ideal time (i.e. immediately upon awakening), a custom started to recite Modeh Ani which closely resembles the theme of Elokai Neshama without actually being a bracha.
I believe that this explanation explains the opinion of the Shelah Hakadosh very well. The Shelah Hakadosh explicitly says that the focus of modeh ani is acknowledging Hashem's kindness in returning our neshama. It would make sense then, that this is being done in place of the Elokai Neshama that should have been recited but was moved to later in the day for the reasons cited above.
In summary - perhaps we have found the halachic precedent we were searching for and the root of the disagreement between the Shelah and the Ba'al Hatanya. The Ba'al Hatanya holds that by reciting Modeh Ani we are fulfilling our requirement of "shiviti Hashem l'negdi tamid" as outlined by the Rama and the Rambam.
The Shelah HaKadosh on the other hand understands that Modeh Ani is meant as a non-bracha replacement for the bracha of Elokai Neshama that should have been recited immediately upon awakening (according to the Ra'avad), but cannot be recited for technical reasons of hefsek.
"There is no such thing as a minhag that comes out of thin air. It must be rooted in a "kiyum" - a fulfillment of an existing halacha. So what is the halachic precedent for saying Modeh Ani?
ReplyDeleteThis was actually bothering me since the last post"
Chaim mentioned this to me as well after he read your previous post. Definitely glad you followed it up with this one (as what Chaim actually said was something like, "It sounds like there are no non-kabbalistic sources for saying Modeh Ani in the morning...should I not be saying it at all?" Me: "What???")
Phew... crisis averted. Glad I could be of service...
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